Hamwe n'iherezo ry'ikirenga ku isi, inganda nshya yo kugurisha zateye imbere vuba, igihe kimwe, umubare w'amabwiriza mu muhanda washimangiwe, umubare w'amatsinda y'ibicuruzwa bishya byiyongereye, kandi amakamyo yo gutwara abantu mu isi yakomeje gukura. Inganda z'ibikorwa remezo ku isi zirahamye, icyifuzo cyo gutwara ibikoresho by'ubuhanga kibisi rimwe na rimwe kizamuka rimwe na rimwe kigwa, kandi rimwe na rimwe itsinda rishinzwe ubuhanga mu makamyo aremereye.
Ubwa mbere, itangwa ryibikoresho fatizo birahagije, kandi ibyiringiro byiterambere byinganda bigari
Amakamyo, azwi kandi nk'amakamyo, muri rusange avugwa ahanini mu gutwara ibicuruzwa, kandi rimwe na rimwe yerekeza ku modoka zishobora kuvuza izindi modoka, zikoreshwa mu cyiciro cy'ibinyabiziga by'ubucuruzi. Amakamyo arashobora kugabanywamo micro, urumuri, urumuri, ruciriritse, ruremereye kandi ruremereye kandi rudasanzwe ukurikije iminota yabo itwaye, kandi amakamyo yoroheje n'amakamyo aremereye ni ubwoko bubiri bw'ikamyo mu mahanga mu mahanga. Mu 1956, uruganda rwa mbere rw'Ubushinwa i Chatchun, mu ntara ya Memon, rwatanze ikamyo ya mbere yo mu gihugu mu Bushinwa bushya - yari afite imodoka yambere mu Bushinwa bushya, ifungura inzira y'inganda z'Abashinwa. Kugeza ubu, inzira y'imikorere y'Ubushinwa ikunda gukura, imiterere y'ibicuruzwa irashyira mu gaciro, umusimbura wihutiye kwinjira ku isoko mpuzamahanga, kandi inganda z'imodoka zabaye imwe mu nganda zikomeye z'ubukungu bw'Ubushinwa.
Hejuru y'inganda z'ikamyo ni ibikoresho fatizo n'ibikoresho by'ibikoresho by'ingufu mbisi bisabwa kugira ngo bikore ku makamyo, harimo n'ibyuma, ibyuma, ikwirakwizwa, ikwirakwizwa, moteri n'ibindi bice bikenewe kugirango ukore amakamyo. Ikamyo itwara ubushobozi irakomeye, imiterere yimikorere ya moteri iri hejuru, moteri ya mazutu ugereranije nimbaraga za moteri ya lisansi, bityo umubare munini wamakamyo akoresha na lisansi, gaze ya peteroli cyangwa gaze ya peteroli cyangwa gaze ya peteroli cyangwa gaze ya peteroli. Hagati igera ku gikamyo cyuzuye abakora ibinyabiziga, kandi abakora ikamyo bazwi cyane mu Bushinwa barimo itsinda rya mbere ry'imodoka, itsinda ry'inganda riremereye, riturika mu bijyanye n'inganda zitwara imizigo, harimo gutwara imizigo, mu gihe cyo gutwara amakara, kugaragariza amaso.
Umubare w'ikamyo ni munini, inzira yo gukora iragoye, kandi ibikoresho byibanze byibanze ni ibyuma nibindi bikoresho byicyuma hamwe nubushyuhe bwimbuto. Hamwe no gukura guhoraho k'ubukungu bwa Macro, inganda n'indi myuka n'izindi nganda zikomeje kwaguka, guteza imbere kwagura inyungu z'ibyuma, hanyuma uhinduke umusaruro wihuse, kandi uhinduke umusaruro wisi yose. Muri 2021-2022, yibasiwe n'iki cyorezo gishya muri coronavile ", imishinga yo kubaka Ubushinwa yahagaze, kandi inganda zo kugurisha zatangiye kwikorera hasi, bityo igiciro cyo kugurisha cyaguye ku isoko, kandi umusaruro wagabanutse. Muri 2022, umusaruro w'icyuma cy'Ubushinwa wari toni ya miliyari 1.34, kwiyongera kwa 0.27%, kandi umubare w'iterambere wagabanutse. Muri 2023, hagamijwe guteza imbere ubukungu no kunoza inganda z'inganda zihagaze, Leta itanga politiki y'inganda zisanzwe zemeza ko inganda zisanzwe zigamije ko inganda zisanzwe zigamije ko inganda zisanzwe zigamije ko inganda zisanzwe zigamije ko inganda zisanzwe zigamije ko inganda z'inganda zisanzwe zemeza ko inganda zisanzwe zigamije umutekano w'inganda zifatizo. Umusaruro wibikoresho fatizo kugirango ugarure iterambere, isoko n'ibisabwa mu isoko n'ibisabwa muri rusange bigabanywa, bikurura ibiciro by'ikamyo bigenzurwa neza, bikurura ibiciro by'ikamyo bigenzurwa neza, bikurura ishoramari ry'inganda, bikurura ishoramari ry'imari, bikurura ishoramari ry'imari, bagura umugabane w'inganda.
Ugereranije n'imodoka zisanzwe, amakamyo atwara imbaraga kandi bigatera imbaraga nyinshi muri mazutu, bifasha kugabanya ibiyobyabwenge mugihe cyo gukora ikamyo. Mu myaka yashize, yibasiwe n'ibibazo mpuzamahanga, ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bitera ingamba za peteroli ya peteroli byakomeje, kandi inganda z'amashanyarazi mpuzamahanga zakomeje kwiyongera, kandi inganda z'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa zakomeje kwiyongera, gusengera amashanyarazi no mu nganda, no kwishingikiriza hanze. Kugira ngo agabanye ubusumbane hagati ya mazutu n'ibisabwa, Ubushinwa bwafashe ingamba zo kongera ibikoresho by'umutungo na gaze no gutanga umusaruro no kongera diesel. Muri 2022, umusaruro wa Diesel w'Ubushinwa uzagera kuri toni miliyoni 191, kwiyongera kwa 17.9%. Kugeza mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2023, Umusaruro wa Dieseli wa Gieseli wari toni miliyoni 162, umubare w'imyaka 20. Amavuta ya Diesel y'Ubushinwa akomeje kuba muremure. Mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa ibisabwa mu iterambere rirambye, byanze bikunze ingufu zishobora kongerwa nka Biodiesel kandi buhoro buhoro wagura buhoro buhoro umugabane wacyo. Muri icyo gihe, amakamyo y'Ubushinwa yagiye yinjira mu gaciro k'ingufu nshya, kandi yabanje kubona amashanyarazi meza cyangwa peteroli - amashanyarazi avuye ku maguru aremereye ku isoko kugira ngo abone ibyo akeneye isoko ry'ejo hazaza.
Umubare w'iterambere ry'inganda watinze, kandi imbaraga nshya zagiye zinjira buhoro buhoro inganda zikamyo
Mu myaka yashize, Ubushinwa bwateje imbere imijyi, kuzamuka kw'inganda za E-Ubucuruzi, ibicuruzwa bigomba gutwarwa vuba kandi neza hagati y'uturere dutandukanye, dutwara ibisabwa ku isoko ry'ikamyo y'Ubushinwa. Isoko ry'ibicuruzwa rikomeje gushyuha, gukura kw'amashanyarazi biragaragara, kandi iterambere ry'inganda z'ibikoresho no gutwara abantu riri mu makamyo .20, umusaruro w'ikamyo w'Ubushinwa uzaba miliyoni 4.239, kwiyongera kwa 20%. Muri 2022, ubukana bw'ishoramari rihamye ni ugucogora, Isoko ry'abaguzi bo mu gihugu rirakomeye, kandi ibipimo by'imodoka byigihugu bivugururwa, bikavamo kugabanuka mu muvuduko w'ikirere mu Bushinwa no kugabanuka mu bicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, bigira ingaruka ku ifaranga ry'isi, igiciro cy'ibikoresho fatizo bikomeje kuzamuka, imisoro ibura amasoko yigenga irakomeje, imishinga ibura amasoko yigenga akomeje, imishinga iragabanwa no gutanga no gutanga amasoko yo gutanga no kwamamaza, kandi iterambere ry'isoko ry'ikamyo ririgarukira. Mu 2022, umusaruro w'ikamyo w'Ubushinwa ni miliyoni 2.453, hasi 33.1% y'umwaka. Ihuriro ry'ibihugu by'igihugu, inganda nshya yo kugurisha zateye imbere vuba, icyarimwe, umubare w'amabwiriza y'ibanze yakomejwe, kandi amakamyo yo gutwara ibidukikije yiyongereye. Ariko, gusinzira mubikorwa remezo no kugabanuka mugutwara ibikoresho byubuhanga fatizo bigarukira kandi iterambere ryubwubatsi bwubushinwa. Kugeza ku gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2023, umusaruro w'ikamyo w'Ubushinwa ni miliyoni 2.453, hejuru ya 14.3% mu gihe kimwe muri 2022.
Iterambere rusange ry'inganda z'imodoka riteza imbere ubukungu bw'Ubushinwa, ubwo yihutishije ibyangiritse ku bidukikije mu Bushinwa, kandi ikirere cy'indege mu buryo bwo gutera imbere mu bukungu bukomeje kugabanuka, kibangamira ubuzima bw'abaturage. Kugira ngo habeho kubana neza ku muntu na kamere, Ubushinwa bwashyize mu bikorwa ingamba za "kabiri ya karuboni. Muri 2022, igura ingufu z'ibikoko rishya ry'Ubushinwa ryiyongereyeho 103% z'umwaka-mu mwaka kugeza ku myaka 99.494; Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Mata 2023, hakurikijwe imibare y'ishyirahamwe ry'imodoka y'Ubushinwa, umubare w'amakamyo agenga ingufu mu Bushinwa, n'amakamyo y'ingufu z'Ubushinwa. Dukurikije amakamyo yoroheje mu Bushinwa, kandi amakamyo aremereye yakuze vuba. Kuzamuka kw'imijyi bimuka no guhagarika ubukungu bwagiye busaba amakarita ya micro n'amakamyo yoroheje nk'amakamyo ahendutse nk'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi ahendutse mu makamyo ashya. Kugeza ku gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2023, ingano yo kugurisha amakamyo mashya y'ingufu mu Bushinwa yari imitwe 26.226, kwiyongera kwa 50.42%. Hamwe no kunoza buhoro buhoro ibikorwa bishya byingufu, "Amashanyarazi-Amashanyarazi Gutandukanya Imbaraga Yorohereza inzira yo gutwara, kugabanya ibiciro bya lisansi, kandi biteza imbere ikiguzi cya lisansi, kandi giteza imbere kugurisha isoko Kugeza mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2023, Ingero nshya z'Ubushinwa ziziyongera ku ya 29.73% z'umwaka-mu mwaka ugera ku 20,127, no mu cyuho gifite amakamyo ashya y'ingufu buhoro buhoro buhoro buhoro.
Iterambere ryisoko ryitwara ibicuruzwa rikomeje gutera imbere, kandi inganda zikamyo zigenda zerekeza mubwenge
Muri 2023, ubukungu bwo gutwara Ubushinwa buzakomeza gukira buhoro, hamwe nigihe kigaragara cyo kunoza mugihembwe cya gatatu. Urujya n'uruza rw'akarere rwarenze urwego rumwe mbere yo icyorezo, ingano yimigenzo ya Prommetse yakomeje gukura vuba, kandi igipimo cyishoramari mu rwego rwo gutwara abantu cyakomeje gukura vuba, gitanga inkunga yo kunoza neza ubukungu bw'Ubushinwa. Kugeza mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2023, Igishinwa cyo gutwara imizigo cy'Ubushinwa cyari miliyari 40.283, ubwiyongere bw'umuhanda mu gihe cyo gutwara abantu, kandi igiciro cyo gutwara abantu, ni uburyo nyamukuru bwo gutwara ubutaka mu Bushinwa. Mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2023, Igishinwa cyo gutwara imizigo cy'Ubushinwa cyari 29.744 toni miliyari za miliyari 29.744, ibaruramari 73.84% by'ijwi rishinzwe gutwara abantu, ubwiyongere bwa 7.4%. Kugeza ubu, iterambere ry'ubukungu ku isi riri mu gikwe, igipimo cy'isoko ryo gutwara imipaka rikomeje kwaguka, icyarimwe, umuhanda wo kubaka imihanda, kugira ngo woroshye iterambere ry'isoko ry'imihanda y'u Bushinwa, kugira ngo byoroherezwe mu masoko y'imihanda yubwenge, kugira ngo byoroherezwe mu mashanyarazi, interineti y'ibintu, byongera mu mihanda y'igihugu, kororana kw'ikoranabuhanga ry'imihanda, byorohereza iterambere ry'isoko ry'imihanda y'u Bushinwa, kugira ngo byoroherezwe mu masoko y'imihanda y'u Bushinwa, kugira ngo byoroherezwe mu masoko y'imihanda y'u Bushinwa, kugira ngo byoroherezwe mu mihanda y'imihanda y'u Bushinwa, kugira ngo byoroherezwe mu buryo bw'ibintu, mu rwego rwo kubaka amakanda.
Hagaragaye ikoranabuhanga rishya hamwe nibisabwa bishya bihindura imiterere yisoko ryitwara ibicuruzwa, hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigaragara nkikoranabuhanga ryigenga, uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara abantu n'umutekano, no kugabanya ibikorwa byo gutwara abantu. Hamwe n'amarushanwa akaze ku murongo w'imodoka no guteza imbere inganda, imishinga minini mu nganda yatangiye guhamya ingamba nk'ibinyabiziga byigenga ndetse no gutwara ibinyabiziga bitaganwa bitandukanye. Nk'uko abashakashatsi ku isoko babitangaza, isoko ry'imodoka ku isi ryageze kuri miliyari 9.95 z'amadolari muri 2019, kandi biteganijwe ko na 2025, isoko ry'imodoka ridafite inyangamugayo ridafite inyangamugayo zizagera kuri miliyari 55.6. Nko mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, ibigo byinshi ku isi byatangije uburyo bwa mbere bw'imodoka zashyizweho, kandi bagashyira mu bikorwa ibicuruzwa byinshi byo gusaba nk'imodoka, imisoro y'impanuka, hamwe n'ibice by'impanuka. Imodoka ntagusesengura imihanda binyuze muri sisitemu yo kumva neza, koresha ubwenge bwo gutegura inzira, no gukoresha ubwenge bwubukorikori kugirango ugere ku modoka kugirango ugere aho ujya, ni tekinike idahwitse mu nganda zimodoka.
Mu myaka yashize, Shacman Inganda Zitwara Ikamyo, Sany Inganda Ziremereye n'izindi ngoro zigenda zikomeje, kandi ihererekanya y'imodoka mu nzira y'ikamyo, kandi icetia y'imodoka mu buryo bw'imodoka, kandi ihererekanyabuhanga bw'ikoranabuhanga ni ndende, kandi ibikorwa biragoye. Nk'uko imibare ituzuye, Ubushinwa bwageze ku mishinga irenze 50 z'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, bitwikiriye ibirombe bitari byorozi, ibirombe by'icyuma nibindi bintu, kandi bikora ibinyabiziga birenga 300. Ubwikorezi butagira amakamyo mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro atera imbere imikorere y'ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro no kureba umutekano w'abakozi bacukuzi, kandi igipimo cy'ikoranabuhanga mu makamyo kizagenda neza mu nganda cy'ikamyo kizagenda neza mu nganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-12-2023
