Iherezo ry’icyorezo cy’icyorezo ku isi, inganda nshya zo gucuruza zateye imbere byihuse, muri icyo gihe, umutwaro urenze urugero w’amabwiriza agenga umuhanda warashimangiwe, igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa by’ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byiyongereye, kandi amakamyo atwara abantu ku isi akomeza kwiyongera. . Inganda z’ibikorwa remezo ku isi zirahagaze neza, icyifuzo cyo gutwara ibikoresho fatizo byubwubatsi rimwe na rimwe kirazamuka rimwe na rimwe kigabanuka, kandi amakamyo aremereye yo mu rwego rw’ubwubatsi ku isi arakomeza iterambere.
Ubwa mbere, gutanga ibikoresho bibisi birahagije, kandi iterambere ryinganda zamakamyo ni nini
Amakamyo, azwi kandi nk'amakamyo, bakunze kwita amakamyo, akoreshwa cyane mu gutwara ibicuruzwa, ndetse rimwe na rimwe yerekeza ku modoka zishobora gukurura izindi modoka, ziri mu cyiciro cy'ibinyabiziga by'ubucuruzi. Amakamyo arashobora kugabanywamo amakamyo aciriritse, yoroheje, aringaniye, aremereye kandi aremereye ukurikije tonnage yatwaye, muri yo amakamyo yoroheje namakamyo aremereye nubwoko bubiri bwamakamyo mumahanga. Mu 1956, uruganda rwa mbere rw’imodoka mu Bushinwa i Changchun, mu Ntara ya Jilin, rwakoze ikamyo ya mbere yo mu rugo mu Bushinwa bushya - Jiefang CA10, ari nayo modoka ya mbere mu Bushinwa bushya, ifungura inzira y’inganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa. Kugeza ubu, ibikorwa by’imodoka by’Ubushinwa bigenda bikura, imiterere y’ibicuruzwa igenda ishyira mu gaciro, gusimburwa birihuta, imodoka z’Abashinwa zatangiye kwinjira ku isoko mpuzamahanga ku bwinshi, kandi inganda z’imodoka zabaye imwe mu nganda zikomeye z’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa. ubukungu.
Hejuru yinganda zamakamyo ni ibikoresho fatizo nibikoresho fatizo bikenerwa mu gukora amakamyo, harimo ibyuma, plastiki, ibyuma bidafite fer, reberi, nibindi, bigize ikadiri, ihererekanyabubasha, moteri nibindi bice bikenewe kuri imikorere yamakamyo. Ikamyo itwara ubushobozi irakomeye, ibisabwa bya moteri birakenewe, moteri ya mazutu ugereranije na moteri ya lisansi nini, igipimo cyo gukoresha ingufu ni gito, gishobora guhaza ibikenerwa byo gutwara amakamyo, bityo amamodoka menshi ni mazutu. moteri nkisoko yingufu, ariko amakamyo amwe amwe nayo akoresha lisansi, gaze ya peteroli cyangwa gaze gasanzwe. Hagati igera ni amakamyo yuzuye yimodoka, kandi mubushinwa buzwi cyane mu makamyo yigenga harimo Ubushinwa bwa mbere bw’imodoka, Ubushinwa Heavy Duty Automobile Group, SHACMAN Ikamyo iremereye, n’ibindi. n'ibindi.
Ingano yikamyo ni nini cyane, inzira yo kuyikora iragoye, kandi ibikoresho byayo nyamukuru ni ibyuma nibindi bikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge bifite ubukana bwinshi, birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi birwanya ruswa, kugirango hubakwe ibicuruzwa byamakamyo bifite ubuzima burebure kandi imikorere myiza. Hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje kwiyongera mu bukungu bwa macro, inganda z’Ubushinwa, ubwubatsi n’izindi nganda zikomeje kwaguka, ziteza imbere kwihuta kw’ubushobozi bw’ibyuma, kandi bihinduka ingufu z’ibyuma n’isoko ku isi. Mu 2021-2022, yibasiwe n’icyorezo gishya cya coronavirus, ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa muri rusange bwaragabanutse, imishinga y’ubwubatsi irahagarara, n’inganda zikora inganda zitangira kwikorera hasi, ku buryo igiciro cy’igurisha ry’ibyuma cyagabanutse “ku rutare”, ndetse n’abikorera ku giti cyabo inganda zasunitswe n'isoko, kandi umusaruro uragabanuka. Mu 2022, umusaruro w’ibyuma mu Bushinwa wari toni miliyari 1.34, wiyongereyeho 0.27%, kandi iterambere ryaragabanutse. Mu 2023, mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubukungu no kuzamura uko inganda zimeze, Leta itanga politiki nyinshi z’ingoboka kugira ngo imikorere isanzwe y’inganda z’ibanze, guhera mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2023, umusaruro w’ibyuma mu Bushinwa wari toni miliyari 1.029; , kwiyongera kwa 6.1%. Umusaruro wibikoresho fatizo kugirango ugarure iterambere, itangwa ryamasoko nibisabwa bikunda kuringaniza, igiciro rusange cyibicuruzwa bigabanuka, gufasha ibiciro byamakamyo kugenzurwa neza, kuzamura imikorere yubukungu bwinganda, gukurura ishoramari ryinshi, kwagura umugabane w isoko ryinganda.
Ugereranije n’imodoka zisanzwe, amakamyo akoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi akabyara ingufu nyinshi ziva kuri mazutu, ifasha kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa mugihe gikamyo. Mu myaka yashize, bitewe n’ibibazo mpuzamahanga, ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byakunze guhura n’ingufu, ibiciro bya peteroli mpuzamahanga byazamutse, kandi inganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa zateye imbere byihuse, ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi mu mazu n’inganda ryakomeje kwiyongera, kwagura isoko rya mazutu, ndetse no hejuru kwishingikiriza hanze. Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ubusumbane hagati y’itangwa rya mazutu n’ibisabwa, Ubushinwa bwongereye ingufu mu kongera ububiko bwa peteroli na gaze n’umusaruro ndetse no kongera mazutu. Mu 2022, umusaruro wa mazutu mu Bushinwa uzagera kuri toni miliyoni 191, wiyongereyeho 17.9%. Kugeza mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2023, umusaruro wa mazutu mu Bushinwa wari toni miliyoni 162, wiyongereyeho 20.8% mu gihe kimwe cyo mu 2022, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere wiyongereye, kandi umusaruro uri hafi y’umusaruro wa mazutu wa buri mwaka mu 2021. Nubwo ari ngombwa Ingaruka ya mazutu mukongera umusaruro, ntishobora guhaza isoko. Ubushinwa butumiza mazutu bukomeje kuba hejuru. Mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa ibisabwa mu iterambere rirambye ry’igihugu, isoko ya peteroli ya mazutu yagiye ihinduka buhoro buhoro ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu nka biodiesel kandi buhoro buhoro yagura isoko ryayo. Muri icyo gihe, amakamyo y’Ubushinwa yinjiye buhoro buhoro mu rwego rw’ingufu nshya, kandi mu ikubitiro yatahuye amakamyo aremereye y’amashanyarazi cyangwa peteroli y’amashanyarazi avanze ku isoko kugira ngo akemure isoko ry’ejo hazaza.
Iterambere ry’iterambere ry’inganda ryadindije, kandi ingufu nshya zagiye zinjira mu nganda zamakamyo
Mu myaka yashize, Ubushinwa bwateje imbere cyane imijyi y’imijyi, izamuka ry’inganda za e-ubucuruzi, ibicuruzwa bigomba gutwarwa vuba kandi neza hagati y’uturere dutandukanye, bigatuma isoko ry’amakamyo ry’Ubushinwa rikenerwa. Isoko ry'ibicuruzwa rikomeje gushyuha, izamuka ry’ibikenerwa n’amashanyarazi riragaragara, kandi iterambere ry’inganda zikoreshwa mu bwikorezi n’ubwikorezi riratera imbere cyane mu nganda z’amakamyo, kandi mu 2020, umusaruro w’amakamyo mu Bushinwa uzaba miliyoni 4.239, kwiyongera. ya 20%. Mu 2022, ubukana bw'ishoramari ry'umutungo utimukanwa buragenda bugabanuka, isoko ry'umuguzi w'imbere mu gihugu rifite intege nke, kandi ibipimo by'imodoka mu gihugu biravugururwa, bituma igabanuka ry'umuvuduko wo gutwara ibicuruzwa mu mihanda mu Bushinwa ndetse no kugabanuka kw'ibikamyo bikenerwa. Byongeye kandi, byatewe n’ifaranga ry’isi yose, igiciro cy’ibikoresho fatizo ku musaruro w’ibicuruzwa gikomeje kwiyongera, ibura ry’imiterere ya chip yigenga ryigenga rirakomeza, ibigo bikandamizwa n’isoko ryo gutanga no kwamamaza, kandi iterambere ry’isoko ryamakamyo ni rito. Mu 2022, amakamyo y’amakamyo mu Bushinwa yari miliyoni 2.453, yagabanutseho 33.1% umwaka ushize. Iherezo ry’icyorezo cy’icyorezo cy’igihugu, inganda nshya zo gucuruza zateye imbere byihuse, muri icyo gihe, umutwaro urenze urugero w’amabwiriza agenga umuhanda wongerewe ingufu, umuvuduko w’ibicuruzwa bishya bisanzwe wiyongera, kandi amakamyo atwara ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa yongeye kwiyongera. Icyakora, kudindira mu nganda z’ibikorwa remezo no kugabanuka gukenerwa mu gutwara ibikoresho fatizo by’ubwubatsi byagabanije kugarura no guteza imbere amakamyo aremereye y’Ubushinwa. Kugeza mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2023, amakamyo y’amakamyo y’Ubushinwa yari miliyoni 2.453, yiyongereyeho 14.3% ugereranije n’icyo gihe cyo mu 2022.
Iterambere rusange ry’inganda z’imodoka riteza imbere ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa, mu gihe kwihutisha iyangirika ry’ibidukikije mu Bushinwa, kandi ikirere cy’ikirere mu turere twateye imbere mu bukungu gikomeje kugabanuka, kibangamira ubuzima bw’abaturage. Mu rwego rwo kugera ku bwumvikane buke bw’abantu na kamere, Ubushinwa bwashyize mu bikorwa ingamba za “karuboni ebyiri”, mu guhindura imiterere y’ingufu, gukoresha ingufu zisukuye aho gukoresha ingufu zikoreshwa, guteza imbere cyane ubukungu bwa karuboni nkeya, no gukuraho ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa kwishingikiriza ku mbaraga z’ibinyabuzima zitumizwa mu mahanga, bityo, amakamyo mashya y’ingufu yabaye ahantu hanini cyane ku isoko ry’imodoka. Mu 2022, Ubushinwa bushya bw’amakamyo y’ingufu bwiyongereyeho 103% umwaka ushize bugera kuri 99.494; Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Mata 2023, dukurikije imibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’imodoka z’Ubushinwa, umubare w’igurisha ry’amakamyo mashya y’ingufu mu Bushinwa wari 24,107, wiyongereyeho 8% mu gihe kimwe cy’umwaka wa 2022. Ukurikije ubwoko bw’amakamyo mashya, Ikarita nshya y’ingufu z’Ubushinwa hamwe namakamyo yoroheje yateye imbere mbere, kandi amakamyo aremereye yateye imbere vuba. Ubwiyongere bw'ubukungu bwimuka no guhagarara mumijyi bwongereye icyifuzo cyamakarita ya mikoro namakamyo yoroheje, kandi amakamyo mashya yingufu zamashanyarazi nkamakamyo y’amashanyarazi n’ibivange arahendutse kuruta amakamyo gakondo, bikarushaho guteza imbere umuvuduko w’amakamyo mashya y’ingufu. Kugeza mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2023, igurishwa ry’amakamyo mashya y’ingufu mu Bushinwa yari 26.226, yiyongereyeho 50.42%. Hamwe nogutezimbere gahoro gahoro uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ingufu, uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi "gutandukanya ibinyabiziga-amashanyarazi" byorohereza inzira yo gutwara abantu, kugabanya ibiciro byo gukoresha lisansi, kandi biteza imbere kugurisha isoko ryamakamyo yingufu zikoranabuhanga rikomeye kurwego runaka. Kugeza mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2023, Ubushinwa bushya bwo kugurisha amakamyo aremereye bwiyongereyeho 29.73% umwaka ushize bugera kuri 20.127, kandi ikinyuranyo n’amakamyo mashya y’ingufu cyagabanutse buhoro buhoro.
Iterambere ryisoko ryimizigo rikomeje gutera imbere, kandi inganda zamakamyo zigenda zigana ubwenge
Mu 2023, ubukungu bw’ubwikorezi bw’Ubushinwa buzakomeza kwiyongera neza, hamwe n’umuvuduko ugaragara w’iterambere mu gihembwe cya gatatu. Urujya n'uruza rw'abaturage rwarenze urwego rw'igihe kimwe mbere y’icyorezo, ubwinshi bw’imizigo n’ibicuruzwa biva mu cyambu byakomeje kwiyongera byihuse, kandi n’ishoramari ry’imitungo itimukanwa ryagumye hejuru, ritanga inkunga yo gutwara abantu kugira ngo ritezimbere neza Ubukungu bw'Ubushinwa. Kugeza mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2023, ubwikorezi bwo gutwara imizigo mu Bushinwa bwari toni miliyari 40.283, bwiyongereyeho 7.1% mu gihe kimwe cyo mu 2022. Muri byo, ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda ni bwo buryo bwo gutwara abantu mu Bushinwa, ugereranije no gutwara gari ya moshi, ibiciro byo gutwara abantu ni ugereranije ni hasi, kandi ikwirakwizwa cyane, nuburyo nyamukuru bwo gutwara abantu mubushinwa. Mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2023, Ubushinwa bwo gutwara imizigo yo mu muhanda bwari toni miliyari 29.744, bingana na 73.84% by’ubwikorezi bwose, bwiyongereyeho 7.4%. Kugeza ubu, iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’isi riragenda ryiyongera, igipimo cy’isoko ry’ubwikorezi bwambukiranya imipaka gikomeje kwaguka, muri icyo gihe, umuhanda munini w’Ubushinwa, umuhanda w’igihugu, inzira yo kubaka imihanda yo mu ntara urihuta, interineti y’ibintu, ikoranabuhanga rya digitale mu iyubakwa ry'imihanda ifite ubwenge, kugira ngo byorohereze iterambere ry’isoko ry’imizigo ry’Ubushinwa, icyifuzo cy’amakamyo gikomeje kwiyongera.
Kugaragara kw'ikoranabuhanga rishya hamwe no gukoresha udushya birahindura imiterere y’isoko ry’imizigo, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rigenda ryiyongera nka tekinoroji yo gutwara ibinyabiziga yigenga, interineti y’ibintu n’ubwenge bw’ubukorikori butuma amakamyo, kuzamura imikorere y’ubwikorezi n’umutekano, no kugabanya amafaranga yo gukora. Hamwe n’ihiganwa rikomeye ku nzira y’imodoka no gutinda kwiterambere ry’inganda, inganda zikomeye mu nganda zatangiye gushyiraho ingamba nko gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga ndetse no gutwara abantu batagira abapilote kugirango bongere irushanwa ritandukanye. Nk’uko ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku isoko cyitwa Countpoint kibitangaza ngo isoko ry’imodoka zitagira abashoferi ku isi ryageze kuri miliyari 9.85 z'amadolari muri 2019, bikaba biteganijwe ko mu 2025, isoko ry’imodoka zitagira abashoferi ku isi rizagera kuri miliyari 55,6. Nko mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, amasosiyete menshi ku isi yatangije uburyo bwa mbere bw’imodoka zitagira shoferi, kandi akoresha ibicuruzwa mu bihe byinshi byo gusaba nko guhagarara mu muhanda, imyitozo y’impanuka, hamwe n’ibice bigoye. Imodoka zidafite umushoferi zisesengura uko umuhanda umeze binyuze muri sisitemu yo kumva, gukoresha ibicu mu gutegura inzira, no gukoresha ubwenge bw’ubukorikori kugira ngo ugenzure imodoka kugira ngo igere iyo igana, ikaba ari ikoranabuhanga rihungabanya umutekano mu nganda z’imodoka.
Mu myaka yashize, SHACMAN ikora amakamyo aremereye, FAW Jiefang, Sany Heavy Industry hamwe n’indi mishinga iyoboye ikomeje gushyira ingufu mu bijyanye n’amakamyo y’ubwenge afite ibyiza bya tekiniki, kandi inertia y’ibinyabiziga mu gihe cyo gutwara amakamyo ni nini, igihe cya buffer ni ndende, inzira yikoranabuhanga yubwenge irarenze, kandi imikorere iragoye. Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, Ubushinwa bwinjije imishinga irenga 50 itagira abashoferi batwara ibinyabiziga, ikubiyemo ibirombe bidafite amakara, ibirombe by’icyuma n’ibindi bintu, kandi ikora imodoka zirenga 300. Gutwara amakamyo adafite ibinyabiziga mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bizamura neza imikorere y’ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro kandi bikarinda umutekano w'abakozi bashinzwe ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, kandi igipimo cyo kwinjira mu ikoranabuhanga ridafite abashoferi mu nganda z'amakamyo kizarushaho kunozwa mu bihe biri imbere, biteze imbere iterambere ry’inganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-12-2023
