Haraheze imyaka icumi "umukandara na Umukandara" washyizwe ahagaragara mbere muri 2013. Mu myaka 10 ishize, mu Bushinwa, na we yagezeho iterambere ry'ibihugu by'ubwubatsi, kandi mu Bushinwa, na we yageze mu iterambere ry'ibihugu by'ubwubatsi, ndetse no mu Rwanda, yageze ku iterambere ry'ibihugu by'ubwubatsi, ndetse no mu Rwanda, yageze ku iterambere ry'ibihugu by'ubwubatsi, ndetse no mu Rwanda, na we yageze ku iterambere ry'ibihugu by'ubwubatsi, kandi na we yagezeho iterambere ryihuse mu nzira yo kugenda ku isi.
IGIKORWA "Umukandara n'Umuhanda", ni ukuvuga umukandara w'ubukungu ry'ubukungu n'ikinyejana cya 21 mu kinyejana cya 21 mu binyejana bya site. Inzira ikubiyemo ibihugu birenga 100 n'imiryango mpuzamahanga muri Aziya, Afurika, Uburayi n'Uburayi byo muri Amerika, kandi bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku bucuruzi bw'isi, ishoramari n'umuco.
Imyaka 10 ni intangiriro gusa, none ni intangiriro nshya, kandi ni ubuhe bwoko bw'amahirwe buzafungurwa mu makamyo yo mu gishinwa ngo ajye mu maguru y'Abashinwa. Umukandara n'umuhanda "nibyibandwaho.
Wibande ku bice bikurikira ku nzira
Amakamyo ni ibikoresho byingenzi byo kubaka ubukungu niterambere, no gukinira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo guteza imbere "umukandara na Road". Mugihe ibihugu byinshi byubatswe hamwe na "Umukandara na Umukandara" ni uw'inganda z'iterambere, kandi amakamyo y'iterambere yinganda zifata inganda, kandi ibikamyo biba bifite inyungu nyinshi mubijyanye nubushobozi bukomeye, imikorere nibikorwa byimikorere. Mu myaka yashize, yahindutse ibisubizo byiza mubyoherezwa mu mahanga.
Dukurikije amakuru ajyanye n'ubuyobozi rusange bwa gasutamo, mbere ya 2019, ibyoherezwa mu makamyo aremereye byari bihagaze ku binyabiziga bagera ku 80.000.000-9.000, kandi muri 2020, ingaruka z'icyorezo cyagabanutse cyane. Muri 2021, kohereza amakamyo aremereye byazamutse ku modoka 140.000, umwaka w'imyaka 79,6%, no mu 2022, ingano yo kugurisha yakomeje kuzamuka ku binyabiziga 190.000, ubwiyongere bw'umwaka. Kugurisha ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu makamyo biremereye byageze mu 157.000, ubwiyongere bwa 111.8% umwaka-ku mwaka, biteganijwe ko bizagera ku rwego rushya.
Dukurikije igice cy'ibice by'isoko mu 2022, umubare w'igurisha ry'isoko ryohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga aremereye yageze ku mitwe 66.500, muri icyo gihe muri Vietnam, muri Uzubekisitani, Abanyagihugu, Mongoliya n'abandi bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.
Isoko nyafurika ryashyizweho ku mwanya wa kabiri, ibyoherezwa mu binyabiziga birenga 50.000, muri Nijeriya, muri Tanzaniya, muri Tanzaniya, Zambiya, ZAmbiya, muri Kongo, Afurika y'Epfo ndetse n'andi masoko y'ikuru.
Nubwo isoko ryiburayi ari rito ugereranije n'amasoko yo muri Aziya n'umunyafurika, byerekana uburyo bwo gukura vuba. Usibye Uburusiya bwagize ingaruka ku bintu bidasanzwe, umubare w'amakamyo aremereye yatumijwe mu Bushinwa n'ibindi bihugu by'i Burayi mu gihe cy'ibihugu 1122, mu Bubiligi, Ububiligi, Uburiganya nandi masoko y'ingenzi. Ibi biterwa ahanini no guteza imbere "umukandara n'umuhanda", byakomeje ubufatanye bw'ubukungu n'ubucuruzi hagati y'ibihugu by'Ubushinwa n'ibihugu by'Uburayi.
Byongeye kandi, mu 2022, Ubushinwa byoherejwe mu mahanga 12.979 muri Amerika yepfo, ibaruramari ku 61.3% byoherezwa muri Amerika hose kuri Amerika, kandi isoko ryerekanaga iterambere rihamye.
Gufatirwa hamwe, amakuru y'ingenzi yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa agaragaza inzira zikurikira: "Gahunda y'umukandara n'umuhanda ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byageze mu mihanda, cyane cyane koherezwa mu makoko y'ikamyo y'ikamyo y'ubushinwa, cyane cyane koherezwa mu bihugu bikabije, cyane cyane koherezwa mu makoko y'ikamyo y'ubushinwa, cyane cyane koherezwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira, cyane cyane koherezwa mu mihanda, byageze ku bihugu by'imodoka mu mihanda, cyane cyane koherezwa mu nzira y'ikamyo y'ubushinwa, cyane cyane koherezwa mu nzira y'ikamyo y'ubushinwa, cyane cyane koherezwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira, cyane cyane koherezwa mu nzira y'ikamyo y'ubushinwa, cyane cyane koherezwa mu nzira y'ikamyo y'ubushinwa, cyane cyane koherezwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira, cyane cyane koherezwa mu bihugu biri mu mihanda, cyane cyane koherezwa mu nzira y'ikamyo y'ubushinwa, cyane cyane koherezwa mu nzira y'ikamyo y'ubushinwa, cyane cyane koherezwa mu mihanda, byageze mu bihugu bisabwa n'ibihugu mu muhanda, byagezweho cyane mu bihugu byagiye bisimburana, mu Bushinwa byageze ku mikurire yihuse; Muri icyo gihe, iterambere ryihuse ry'isoko ry'Uburayi kandi ritanga amahirwe mashya y'ikamyo iremereye mu Bushinwa kwagura isoko mpuzamahanga.
Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe no guteza imbere ubujyakuzimu bwa "umukandara" gahunda yo kunoza ibirango biremereye by'Ubushinwa, biteganijwe ko ibyo bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bizakomeza gukomeza imikurire.
Dukurikije gahunda yimyaka 10 yo kohereza ibicuruzwa byakandara hamwe nibikorwa byiterambere hamwe namahirwe yo ejo hazaza "Umukandara", ibikurikira ni isesengura ryuburyo bwamaguru yubushinwa igenda mumaguru:
1. Uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu modoka: Hamwe n'iterambere ryimbitse ry '"umukandara n'umuhanda", ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bizakomeza kuba imwe mu nzira nyamukuru yohereza ibicuruzwa mu gikamyo cyohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa. Ariko, urebye uburyo butandukanye kandi bigoye amasoko yo mumahanga, ibipimo byikamyo byabashinwa bigomba gukomeza kunoza ubuziranenge no guhuza ibicuruzwa, no kuzamura amakuru ya serivisi yo kugurisha kugirango buke ibikenewe hamwe nuturere dutandukanye.
2. Utubanwa mu mahanga ubwubatsi no kubaka sisitemu yo kwamamaza: hamwe no kwimbitse ubufatanye hagati y'ibihugu n'uturere duhagaze ku "mukandara w'ikamyo", imitwe y'ikamyo ", imitwe y'ikamyo" Muri ubu buryo, turashobora kumenyera neza ku isoko ry'isoko, kunoza irushanwa ry'isoko, kandi twishimira ibyiza n'inkunga ya politiki y'ibanze.
3. Kurikiza ibicuruzwa byingenzi byigihugu: Mugutezimbere "umukandara n'umuhanda", umubare munini wibikorwa bikomeye byo kubaka ibikorwa remezo bizajya mumahanga. Ibigo by'ikamyo y'Ubushinwa birashobora gufatanya n'aya masosiyete y'ubwubatsi kugira ngo dukurikize umushinga ku nyanja no gutanga serivisi zo gutwara abantu. Ibi birashobora kugera ku kohereza amakamyo ataziguye, ariko nanone kugira ngo iterambere ry'ibigo bihamye.
4. Genda amahanga ukoresheje imiyoboro yubucuruzi: Hamwe no kwiteza imbere ubufatanye bwubucuruzi hagati y'ibihugu n'uturere twaka umuriro, hashobora gutanga imishinga y'imodoka yambukiranya imipaka binyuze mu bufatanye n'ibigo bya interineti ndetse no ku bucuruzi. Muri icyo gihe, irashobora kandi kwagura ibiranga no kugira uruhare mu kwitabira imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga n'ubundi buryo bwo gushyiraho amahirwe menshi yo kujya mu mahanga.
Muri rusange, uburyo bwo gukora bwamaguru yubushinwa bujya mumahanga bizarushaho kuba butandukanye kandi byaho byibanze, kandi bigamenyerewe, kandi bikenera guhitamo uburyo bwo kohereza hanze ukurikije imiterere yabo ningamba ziterambere. Muri icyo gihe, mu ntera ya "umukandara n'umuhanda", ibishinga ikamyo y'Ubushinwa bizashobora amahirwe menshi yiterambere, kandi bakeneye gukomeza kunoza urwego rwabo ruhanwa nubuzima.
Muri Nzeri uyu mwaka, abayobozi b'itsinda ry'imodoka y'Ubushinwa itsinda ry'ikamyo ryakamyo ryatangiye urugendo rwo kwiga mu bihugu byo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati mu bihugu byo hagati, bigamije kongera ubufatanye mu bihugu byo hagati, bigamije gushyira mu gaciro imishinga y'ingamba, no gushimangira guhanahana ibikorwa byo kubaka uruganda. Ibi bigenda neza mumatsinda yikamyo yayobowe na Shaanxile yimodoka ya Shaanxi yihaye akamaro kanini kandi afite ubushake bukomeye bwo guteza imbere amahirwe mashya muri "Umukandara".
Mu buryo bwo gusura umurima, basobanukiwe n'ibirindira ibikenewe n'inzira y'isoko ry'iburasirazuba, birerekana neza ko abayobozi b'iburasirazuba bafite iterambere rifite ibibazo bikomeye hamwe na gahunda yo mu mukandara. Kubwibyo, imiterere mibi, binyuze muburyo bwo guhagarika ingamba nubundi buryo bwo kurushaho kunoza ingaruka no guhangana, kubijyanye n'inganda zikamyo mu isoko ry'uburasirazuba bwo kwishora mu burengerazuba bwo kwishora mu burengerazuba bwo kwishora mu burengerazuba bwo hagati.
Ati: "Umukandara n'umuhanda" binjiye mu bihe bishya, bigomba kandi kuzana amahirwe meza yo guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ariko tugomba no kumenya neza ko ibintu mpuzamahanga biriho bigorana kandi biracyariho, kandi haracyariho umwanya munini wo kuzamura ibirango by'Ubushinwa.
Twizera ko kugirango dukoreshe neza iyi idirishya rishya ryiterambere, dukwiye kwitondera ibintu bikurikira.
1. Witondere impinduka mu bihe mpuzamahanga: ibintu mpuzamahanga biriho byuzuye ibidashidikanywaho n'ibihinduka, nk'intambara y'Uburusiya-Ukraine n'Ibihugu byo mu Burusiya mu bihugu byo hagati. Izi mpinduka za politiki zirashobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku bicuruzwa biremereye, bityo ibigo by'ikamyo biremereye gukenera impinduka mu bihe mpuzamahanga no guhindura ingamba zo kohereza hanze mugihe cyo kugabanya ingaruka zishobora kugerwaho.
2. Kunoza serivisi no kugurisha icyarimwe: Kugirango wirinde amasomo akomeye yo kohereza muri moto ya Vietnam, ibipimo biremereye byabatswe ibigo byibasiye ibigo bya Vietnam, ibigo bikururuka byubushinwa bigomba kongera ibicuruzwa mugihe cyibanda ku bwiza. Ibi birimo gushimangira nyuma yo kugurisha nyuma yo gukurikiranwa, gutanga inkunga no kubungabunga igihe gito kandi bwumwuga, ndetse no kubaka umubano wa hafi nabacuruzi hamwe nabakozi kugirango bamenyekanye kuranga no kunyurwa nabakiriya.
3. Udushya tunesha kandi utezimbere ibiranga ibinyabiziga mumasoko yamahanga: Kugirango urusheho kubahiriza ibihugu bitandukanye nibyo bihugu bitandukanye bikenewe, ibigo bitwara ibigo bikabije byibasiye byinshi bikenewe cyane kandi binoza ibiranga ibinyabiziga mumasoko yamahanga. Shaanxi yimodoka x5000, kurugero, yizirika byimazeyo ibyifuzo byihariye byo mukarere ka Urumqi. Ibigo bigomba gusobanukirwa byimazeyo ibiranga kandi bisaba isoko ryintego, intego yubushakashatsi niterambere no kunoza ibicuruzwa kugirango byubahirize ibyifuzo byisoko ryibanze.
4. Koresha neza ubwikorezi bwa TIR no Kwiyongera kwumupaka wambukiranya imipaka: Mugutezimbere "umukandara n'umuhanda", ubucuruzi bwa TIR no kugarukira kwambukiranya imipaka noroshye. Ibipimo by'ikamyo biremereye by'Abashinwa bigomba gukoresha neza ibyo bintu byiza byo gushimangira ubucuruzi n'ibihugu duturanye. Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe kandi kwita cyane ku mpinduka muri politiki mpuzamahanga y'ubucuruzi hagamijwe guhindura igihe ingamba zo kohereza hanze no gufata amahirwe menshi y'ubucuruzi.
Nina agira ati:
Mu kuzamura "umukandara n'umuhanda" mu gihe gishya, ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere mu nzira bikora cyane cyane ubufatanye mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo, guhanahana ubukungu n'ibindi bibanza. Ibi ntabwo bitanga gusa amahirwe menshi yubucuruzi yo kohereza ibicuruzwa byikamyo yubushinwa, ariko kandi bitanga ibisabwa kugirango inyungu kandi itsinde ibisubizo byibihugu byose. Muri iyi nzira, ibipimo biremereye by'Abashinwa bigomba gukomeza urugendo rw'ibihe, kwaguka ku masoko yo hanze, no kunoza ingaruka. Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe kandi kwibanda ku guhanga udushya no gutera imbere kumenyera ibyifuzo by'isoko n'ibihugu bitandukanye.
Mu nzira ijya mu mahanga, ibipimo biremereye by'Abashinwa bigomba kwita ku kwishyira hamwe no guteza imbere isoko ryaho. Birakenewe kwagura ubufatanye nibigo byaho, gushimangira guhanahana tekiniki nabakozi bashinzwe imyitwarire, kandi tugera ku nyungu zinyuranye no gutsinda ibitekerezo. Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe kandi kwitondera isohozwa ry'inshingano z'imibereho myiza y'abaturage, kugira uruhare rugaragara mu mibereho myiza ya Leta, no gusubizwa sosiyete yaho.
Mu rwego rw '"umukandara n'umuhanda", ibyorezo biremereye by'Ubushinwa bireba amahirwe n'ibibazo bitigeze bibaho. Gusa mugukomeza kuruhuka nibihe, byibanda ku guhanga udushya no gutera imbere, no gushimangira kwishyira hamwe no gutera imbere hamwe nisoko ryaho dushobora kugera ku iterambere rirambye kandi tukagera ku isoko ryisi yose. Reka dutegereze ejo bwiza kubashinwa biremereye mu Bushinwa!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-12-2023
